太原配電柜遭受雷擊的原因

太原配電柜受雷擊的因素，是因為加熱爐配電柜在使用中的工作環境比較惡劣，大部分是在戶外，線路都是要經受酷暑、嚴寒等自然氣候的考驗，這樣的環境也加速了線路的老化。特別是在夏季多雨的天氣里.配電柜會出現短路現象，導致CPU模塊、模擬t快充模塊等主要元件燒壞，就是電路出現故障。

通過對加熱爐配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)工作條件(jian)較(jiao)差的原(yuan)因進(jin)行分(fen)析，發現大部分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)在工作條件(jian)較(jiao)差的情況下，線(xian)(xian)路經(jing)受(shou)不(bu)住酷熱、嚴寒等自然循環(huan)的考驗，加速了線(xian)(xian)路的老化。在夏季多雷(lei)雨天(tian)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)會(hui)出(chu)現短路現象，使(shi)CPU模(mo)塊(kuai)、模(mo)擬(ni)t快(kuai)進(jin)模(mo)塊(kuai)等，要件(jian)被燒.給油田(tian)生(sheng)產(chan)造(zao)成阻礙，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)故障原(yuan)因是被二次擊穿(chuan)，這些(xie)雷(lei)波進(jin)入配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)，可產(chan)生(sheng)高達百(bai)萬伏(fu)的電壓，破(po)壞力相當大.它直接對配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)內(nei)保(bao)護設(she)備的絕緣體造(zao)成任害，使(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)內(nei)的絕緣體受(shou)到嚴重破(po)壞，不(bu)能保(bao)證配(pei)(pei)(pei)電柜(ju)(ju)正常工作，從而造(zao)成整(zheng)個控制系(xi)統(tong)的報廢。

配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這些雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波(bo)進入到配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)內，可以(yi)產生高(gao)達(da)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，破壞(huai)力相當大.它可以(yi)直(zhi)接對配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)中(zhong)保護設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)體造成任害，使配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)受到嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)，不(bu)能(neng)保證配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)正常工(gong)作，導(dao)致(zhi)整個控制系統(tong)(tong)失效，出現漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象(xiang)，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安裝在室(shi)外(wai)，雖然有(you)(you)一(yi)部分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安裝在室(shi)內，但(dan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人經常反映(ying)，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)在廠房內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼有(you)(you)時還會有(you)(you)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺，就(jiu)問(wen)我(wo)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出了(le)問(wen)題(ti)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)老化了(le)。事實上，出現漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于地線(xian)未(wei)接好或因雷(lei)(lei)擊(ji)而引(yin)起，從而引(yin)發漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)非設(she)備(bei)外(wai)殼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化，但(dan)估計電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)老化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)要(yao)檢查(cha)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接地仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)老化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。其(qi)實檢查(cha)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對比利便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，呈現漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)一(yi)定要(yao)找出原因，這樣(yang)對癥下藥才好，漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可大可小，盡快處(chu)理(li)好確定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)大問(wen)題(ti)。 遭受雷(lei)(lei)擊(ji)，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由直(zhi)擊(ji)雷(lei)(lei)，感(gan)應(ying)雷(lei)(lei)，雷(lei)(lei)擊(ji)波(bo)，球(qiu)雷(lei)(lei)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)故(gu)障原因全部是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸面損壞(huai)。供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，由雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅值可高(gao)達(da)數十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)安，而雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沖擊(ji)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幅值通(tong)常可達(da)數十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)伏(fu)(fu)，甚至(zhi)高(gao)達(da)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)伏(fu)(fu)，故(gu)危害大。

山西配電網(wang)柜小編從事故(gu)現場進行分(fen)析，事故(gu)原因(yin)主要(yao)有以下幾點(dian)。

一，配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜的安裝位置(zhi)不太合(he)理。 配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)與避雷引(yin)下線(xian)及接地裝置(zhi)距離過近。受(shou)直擊擊雷時(shi)，雷區(qu)中大量的雷流通過雷區(qu)時(shi)，雷區(qu)內(nei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位就會上升，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位同樣(yang)會作用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或其它金屬管道，它們之(zhi)間(jian)產(chan)生放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。反擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高會導(dao)致(zhi)設(she)備邊緣受(shou)損。但是，當受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于(yu)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和磁場(chang)變化(hua)產(chan)生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感應和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應時(shi)，會在配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜和引(yin)下線(xian)金屬部件之(zhi)間(jian)產(chan)生很(hen)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使金屬燒熔。

二，接(jie)(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分離(li)器要求。 由現場(chang)丈量資料(liao)可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)，整(zheng)個接(jie)(jie)地(di)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)超過(guo)(guo)30Ω。不同類(lei)型的雷擊保(bao)護(hu)裝置是否接(jie)(jie)地(di)可靠，與被保(bao)護(hu)物的安全性(xing)密切相關。對于防雷接(jie)(jie)地(di)，允(yun)許(xu)的接(jie)(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)在5~30Ω之間。假設接(jie)(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)過(guo)(guo)高，雷流無法快速放(fang)出(chu)(chu)，雷擊裝置對地(di)產生高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

三，排擠(ji)進戶(hu)線上(shang)應安(an)裝(zhuang)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)。 南部為暴雨雷(lei)(lei)區，空曠地(di)帶(dai)排雷(lei)(lei)線路易受雷(lei)(lei)擊。如(ru)果在排電(dian)(dian)線被雷(lei)(lei)擊后，進戶(hu)線路上(shang)沒(mei)有安(an)裝(zhuang)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)裝(zhuang)置，則(ze)強雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)流和高壓(ya)都會(hui)加到配電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置上(shang)，造成(cheng)設備(bei)的邊緣損壞(huai)，造成(cheng)短路事(shi)故。